Biology If8765 Worksheet Answer Key

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What is the function of the cell membrane?

The cell membrane serves as a protective barrier that regulates the passage of substances in and out of the cell, allowing only specific molecules to enter or exit. It also helps maintain the cell's internal environment, facilitates communication with other cells, and provides mechanical support and shape to the cell. Additionally, it plays a key role in cell recognition and signaling processes.

What is the role of DNA in protein synthesis?

DNA plays a crucial role in protein synthesis by storing the genetic information that codes for the sequence of amino acids in proteins. During protein synthesis, DNA is transcribed into messenger RNA (mRNA) in a process called transcription. The mRNA then carries the genetic information from the DNA in the nucleus to the ribosomes in the cytoplasm, where translation occurs. During translation, the mRNA is read by transfer RNA (tRNA) molecules, which bring specific amino acids to the ribosome based on the mRNA sequence, resulting in the assembly of a protein according to the genetic code stored in the DNA.

Describe the process of photosynthesis.

Photosynthesis is a biological process in which green plants, algae, and some bacteria convert light energy, usually sunlight, into chemical energy stored in glucose molecules. This process occurs in the chloroplasts of plant cells where chlorophyll absorbs light energy. Water is then absorbed through roots and carbon dioxide is taken in from the air through tiny openings in leaves. These raw materials are used to produce glucose, releasing oxygen as a byproduct. The glucose is used by the plant for energy and growth, while the oxygen is released back into the atmosphere, supporting life on Earth.

How do enzymes catalyze chemical reactions in the body?

Enzymes catalyze chemical reactions in the body by lowering the activation energy required for the reaction to occur, making the reaction happen more quickly. Enzymes achieve this by binding to specific substrates and creating an environment that allows the reaction to proceed more efficiently. Additionally, enzymes can orient the substrates in a way that promotes the formation of the transition state, ultimately leading to the conversion of substrates into products.

Explain the difference between mitosis and meiosis.

Mitosis is a cell division process that produces two identical diploid daughter cells, each with the same number of chromosomes as the parent cell, whereas meiosis is a special type of cell division that produces four genetically different haploid daughter cells, each with half the number of chromosomes as the parent cell. Mitosis is essential for growth, repair, and asexual reproduction, while meiosis is crucial for sexual reproduction and genetic diversity.

What role do hormones play in the body?

Hormones play a crucial role in the body by acting as chemical messengers that regulate various physiological processes, including growth and development, metabolism, mood, sexual function, and reproduction. They are produced by various glands such as the pituitary gland, thyroid gland, adrenal glands, and reproductive organs, and travel through the bloodstream to target organs where they initiate specific actions and maintain overall homeostasis within the body. Hormones help coordinate and control countless functions, ensuring that the body functions properly and adapts to changes in the internal and external environment.

How does the respiratory system work to exchange gases?

The respiratory system facilitates the exchange of gases by bringing oxygen into the body through inhalation, which is absorbed by the blood in the lungs and transported to the cells. At the same time, carbon dioxide, a waste product produced by cells, is released from the blood into the lungs and exhaled out of the body through exhalation. This exchange of gases occurs in the alveoli, tiny air sacs in the lungs where oxygen and carbon dioxide move across thin membranes to and from the bloodstream, allowing for cellular respiration and the removal of waste products.

Describe the process of digestion in the human body.

Digestion in the human body starts in the mouth, where food is broken down mechanically by chewing and chemically by enzymes in saliva. The food then travels down the esophagus to the stomach, where it is further broken down by stomach acid and enzymes. From the stomach, the partially digested food moves to the small intestine where it is mixed with digestive enzymes from the pancreas and bile from the liver to break down the food into nutrients that can be absorbed into the bloodstream. The nutrients are absorbed through the walls of the small intestine and any remaining waste moves into the large intestine where water and salts are absorbed before it is then excreted from the body as feces.

What is the importance of biodiversity in ecosystems?

Biodiversity in ecosystems is crucial for maintaining a healthy and balanced environment. It provides resilience to the ecosystem, allowing it to adapt to changes and disturbances. A diverse array of species ensures that ecosystem functions such as nutrient cycling, pollination, and pest control are efficiently carried out, contributing to overall ecosystem stability. Biodiversity also offers various ecosystem services that are vital for human well-being, including clean air and water, food production, and climate regulation. Protecting and preserving biodiversity is essential for the long-term health and sustainability of ecosystems and the planet as a whole.

Explain the concept of natural selection and its role in evolution.

Natural selection is a fundamental mechanism of evolution proposed by Charles Darwin, which describes how organisms with advantageous traits for survival and reproduction are more likely to pass on their genes to the next generation. This process leads to the gradual change and adaptation of species to better fit their environment over time. Through natural selection, traits that increase an organism's chances of survival and reproduction become more prevalent in a population, shaping the diversity of life on Earth and driving the evolution of different species.